Printers do emit radiation, but it is generally not at levels harmful to humans. The primary concern with printers is not radiation but chemical pollution, particularly from laser printers. It's important to note that all electronic devices emit some level of radiation.
The toner used in printers is composed mainly not of carbon but of resin and binders. During the printing process, the toner is melted and fused into paper fibers at high temperatures. The resin in the toner is oxidized into a gas with a pungent odor, commonly referred to as "ozone." While ozone has the beneficial effect of protecting the Earth by reducing the harmful effects of solar radiation, it is not beneficial to the human body. Exposure to ozone can irritate the mucous membranes, potentially increasing the incidence of asthma, nasal allergies, and even causing dizziness, vomiting, and other symptoms.
Some toner substitutes contain carbon black as a primary raw material, which often includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dimethyl nitramine, both of which are known carcinogens. These substances are released during the fixing process and can be inhaled, posing a health risk to operators.
Modern printers use organic photoconductors in their photoconductor drums, which emit very little radiation. The radiation from electrical components in printers is similar to that found in most household appliances and is likely less than that emitted by a computer or even a cell phone. On average, printers produce between 0.8 and 0.9 milligrays of radiation. Copiers, on the other hand, produce slightly higher levels, typically ranging from 4.3 to 5.3 milligrays, with occasional spikes to 9-10 milligrays.
The radiation emitted by laser printers and copiers is minimal and primarily occurs during start-up and printing. The radiation levels from printers are generally not harmful to humans and can be further mitigated by wearing appropriate protective clothing. The greater hazard associated with printers is the toner itself. Toner particles can be difficult to fully expel from the body and may pose health risks if inhaled or ingested.
Laser printers are equipped with safety features, and as long as the outer cover is not tampered with during operation, there is no significant risk. The odor produced during the printing process, however, can be harmful. It is advisable not to stand close to the printer while it is operating and to keep the printer at a safe distance from the body. While some level of radiation is inherent in electronic devices, taking proper precautions can minimize potential health risks.
